Functional Balance in Orthodontics: A Systematic Approach to Diagnosis and Long-Term Outcomes

Factors that determine the risk of developing periodontal problems in orthodontic patients
The influence of growth pattern and malocclusions on periodontal condition: review of the scientific literature
Etiology of gingival recessions during orthodontic treatment and the role of alveolar support
Indications and optimal timing for surgical coverage of recessions
Primary and secondary occlusal trauma and their impact on periodontal tissues
Parafunctional muscle activity and tongue dysfunction as risk factors for periodontal disorders
Tooth crowding and periodontal condition: data from current literature
The cushioning function of the periodontal lymphatic system and its importance for maintaining tissue structure
Features of applying orthodontic forces in patients with periodontal problems: clinical examples
Orthodontic treatment as a potential iatrogenic factor: analysis of the evidence base
Key principles for managing patients with periodontal problems during orthodontic treatment
Algorithm for interaction between the orthodontist and periodontist at different stages of treatment.

The role of the nervous system in the emergence and development of dentoalveolar anomalies: experience of collaborative work with a functional neurologist
The functional neurologist as a specialist in working with proprioceptive sensitivity and identifying primary dysfunction
Primary and secondary receptor dysfunctions and the importance of correcting them before starting orthodontic treatment
Principles of nervous system function and their practical application in diagnosis of the dentoalveolar system
Methodology for working with the body's receptor field
Muscles as a functional link of the nervous system: muscles associated with the dentoalveolar system and assessment of their condition
The dentoalveolar system as a zone of compensation for the body's functional disorders
Why the nervous system uses the dentoalveolar system for compensation and how to recognize these mechanisms without harming treatment
Interrupting pathological afferentation at various levels: occlusal, musculoskeletal and emotional
The relationship between occlusion and balance of the musculoskeletal system: literature review
The influence of midline body injuries on the biomechanics of the dentoalveolar system
Signs of neurological disorganization, the concept of a pathological dominant and criteria for patient readiness for orthodontic treatment
Modification of orthodontic tactics when working jointly with a functional neurologist
Discussion of complex clinical cases, including iatrogenic disorders, and the algorithm for interdisciplinary interaction to correct them.

Pain as a symptom of somatic dysfunction
Causes of pain in TMJ dysfunction
High and low pain thresholds: how to determine them
Risk factors for the development of pain symptoms
Occlusal anomalies that most often lead to TMJ dysfunction accompanied by pain; the squeezing-out effect; changing growth direction using occlusal splints in children formed in an articulator, and MHF techniques in adults; clinical examples
Splints or bite platforms: how to choose the correct strategy when working with deprogramming elements
Differential diagnosis of TMJ dysfunction with diseases of adjacent areas: Eagle syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia, temporal arteritis, referred pain, pathology of inner ear structures
Tests for compression of TMJ tissues
Methods for prevention and relief of the pain syndrome.

Main causes of orthodontic relapse: analysis of own clinical experience
Wisdom teeth as a possible factor of relapse: review of the scientific literature
Muscle imbalance and hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles: impact on occlusal stability
Influence of growth pattern on the occurrence and severity of relapse
Trauma and receptor dysfunction as possible factors of instability of orthodontic treatment outcome
Protocols for working with the masticatory muscles: trigger points and fascial shortenings, alternatives to botulinum therapy
Tongue dysfunction as a factor of relapse and the influence of muscle balance on occlusal stability
Correction of the Spee curve and retrusive control to ensure stable position of the lower incisors
Dentoalveolar compensation of skeletal discrepancies: limits of compensation and possibilities for a stable result
Removable and fixed retainers: indications and retention periods
Conditions for adequate retention and the possibility of a stable result without a retention appliance
Relapse as a possible iatrogenic disorder or a return to physiological function
Lifetime retention: indications and clinical criteria.

Main causes of tongue function disturbance: functional changes with age and decreased masticatory efficiency
Tongue posture and its influence on the development of dentoalveolar anomalies
Tongue dysfunction as a possible cause of hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles
Distal crowding as a consequence of tongue dysfunction and the squeezing-out effect as a possible factor of mandibular rotation
What to do with an already formed rotation: changing the inclination of the posterior occlusal plane in children and adults
Biomechanical disturbance of the region after trauma: how to "open" the traumatized zone
When it is necessary to involve a speech therapist and in which cases it is possible to manage without one
When to expect spontaneous correction of dentoalveolar disorders after normalization of tongue function: clinical examples
An effective protocol of myogymnastics for the tongue based on extensive clinical experience.

Main classifications of iatrogenic disorders
Disorders caused by errors at the diagnostic stage
Disorders associated with unresolved muscular dysfunctions
Disorders resulting from inadequate application of orthodontic forces
Disorders leading to TMJ dysfunction: what to pay attention to for their prevention
Stability of incisor position as one of the key factors of long-term retention
Treatment with extractions and without extractions: indications and contraindications, case analysis and literature review
Factors necessary to achieve a stable and optimal orthodontic treatment outcome
Prevention of iatrogenic disorders.